Plant Disease: Enemies of Plants and How to Protect Against Them
A healthy plant can synthesize proteinsin order to grow absorb water and
nutrients and translocate them to wherethey are needed perform photosynthesis
and lose byproducts through the rootsand through transpiration and reproduce
in order to bear fruit or seeds but justlike humans and animals plants can get
sick and result invisible symptoms andlike humans plants can be attacked by
insects and pathogens such as virusesbacteria and fungi ill-health can also
be caused by deficiencies in nutrientions which are vital for growth and
development now we will look at somespecific examples plant can suffer
massive infestations one insect examplethe aphid swamps a plant in vast numbers
each a feed has piercing mouth partsthat tap into the leaf so that they can
feed on the SAP this result in a wiltedor distorted leaf that cannot
photosynthesize correctly a by-productof all this eating is a honeydew that
they exude from their hindgut whichoften is collected by ant soldiers who
guard over their flock if this isn't badenough for the plant's secondary
infection can occur with aphidstransferring viruses through their mouth
parts and leaving holes in leaves forother pathogens to make use of another
problem comes in the form of honey -residues which is the perfect source of
food for fungal colonies such as blacksooty mold
a classic virus is the tobacco mosaicvirus or tmv it has a rod like structure
consisting of a coat of proteinspositioned helical e around a single
strand of RNA and was actually the firstvirus to be described by adolphe mayer
but can enter wound sites once it's in tMV can hijack plant cells to aid its own
replication as the name suggests thevirus leaves a mosaic pattern on the
leaves and also causes molting cellulardeath stunting and leaf curling this
virus can devastate tomato crops anexample of fungal infection in plants is
black spot fungal disease it can infectany plant with fleshy leaves and it's
really common in roses this is a bigproblem for ornamental growers where
looks are everything a spotty plant canaffect its value
sometimes disease is not caused by aninfection but by a nutrient deficiency
in fact plants can be damaged by a rangeof iron deficiency conditions for
example stunted growth caused bynitrogen deficiency nitrate ions are
needed for protein synthesis and aretherefore important for growth and
repair as well as all of the plantsenzyme controlled functions another
example of nutrient deficiency is achange of leaf color called chlorosis
which is caused by magnesium deficiencymagnesium ions are needed to make
chlorophyll which is essential forphotosynthesis and energy production
many plant disease symptoms arenonspecific like spots on the leaves so
it's not always easy to identify what'scausing the symptoms identification can
be made at a range of ways for examplereference to a gardening manual or
website taking infected plants or asample of a plant to a laboratory or
using testing kits that containmonoclonal antibodies monoclonal
antibodies work by binding to parts ofthe infected viruses bacteria or fungus
which is suspected of causing theinfection sometimes plants do not show
symptoms because they like humans haveevolved a range of ways to avoid and
fight infection the first barrier toinfection is the plants preformed
defenses these can be physical barrierslike cellulose cell walls tough waxy
cuticles on leaves or layers of deadcells around stems which fall off like
bark on trees there may be mechanicaladaptations such as thorns and hairs or
leaves which droop or curl when touchedmimicry to trick animals all the
responses to infection can have achemical basis such as antibacterial
chemicals even we can use poisons likethe toxins in nettles that cause us to
come up in blisters and plant defensemolecules that are produced as a
response to attack these chemicals canaffect the pathogen or insect directly
or induce cell death to stop theattacker in its tracks plants are so
clever they can even send signals in theair to call on insect predators that
will take out an attacker
in summary plants have a range ofphysical and chemical barriers to
prevent infection but they can becomeinfected with bacterial viral fungal
pathogens or insect pests if thishappens the plant can produce chemicals
in an attempt to limit the infectionplants can also get sick if their soil
is deficient in nutrients if you likedthe video give it a thumbs up and don't
forget to subscribe comment below if youhave any questions why not check out our
few school after as well until next time
SỨC KHỎE TỰ NHIÊN CHO CƠ THỂ CỦA BẠN: https://bit.ly/3bn7Ptd Khám phá Sức Mạnh Bị Lãng Quên Của Thực Vật với Nicole Apelian https://bit.ly/3bn7Ptd NATURAL HEALING FOR YOUR BODY: https://bit.ly/3bn7Ptd Discover The Forgotten Power of Plants with Nicole Apelian https://bit.ly/3bn7Ptd In this video, we bring you value-added knowledge about Plant Biology to educate you on how to take better care of your plants - indoor or in your outdoor gardens. Plants have a range of physical and chemical barriers to prevent infection, but they can become infected with bacterial, viral, fungal pathogens or insect pests. If this happens the plant can produce chemicals in an attempt to limit the infection. Plants can also get sick if their soil is deficient in nutrients. Your best defense is having a healthy soil mix with proper and balanced nutrients such as Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Magnesium, and Potassium. You can buy premix solutions or packages of balanced nutrients that you mix with water. Talk to your Local Nursery and read the packages carefully and follow the manufacturer's instructions. If you enjoy it and want to learn more, please stay tuned as we upload more education titles to help you grow greener, healthier and more abundant plants, vines, shrubs, and trees. Give the video a Thumbs Up and Subscribe to my Channel. Educational Source: FuseSchool www.fuseschool.org This Open Educational Resource is free of charge, under a Creative Commons License. You are allowed to download the video for nonprofit, educational use. If you would like to modify the video, please contact: info@fuseschool.org